#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
int ans[101];
ifstream in("ghicitoare.in");
ofstream out("ghicitoare.out");
int main(){

    int n,s,S,q;
    cin>>q;
    int ct=0;
    while(q){
        cin>>n>>s;
        S=(n/4)*4;
        for(int i=(n/4)*4+1;i<=n;++i)
            S^=i;
        ans[++ct]=S^s;
        --q;
    }
    for(int i=1;i<=ct;++i)
        cout<<ans[i]<<'\n';
}