#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
    ifstream fin("progresie.in");
    ofstream fout("progresie.out");
    long long n,r,x,i;
    fin>>n;
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
        fin>>x>>r;
        fout<<((x-1)*r+1)*((x-1)*r)+1<<"\n";
    }
    return 0;
}