#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <fstream>
#include <stack>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <bitset>
using namespace std;
class Graph {
//private attributes
vector<vector<int>> edges;
int numberOfNodes;
//-------------------------------------
//private methods
void DFS(unordered_map<int, bool>&, int);
void tarjan(int, int&, vector<int>&, vector<int>&, stack<int>&, unordered_map<int ,bool>&, unordered_map<int ,bool>&, vector<vector<int>>&);
public:
Graph(int);
~Graph();
void setEdge(int, int);
vector<int> distance(int);
int numberOfComponents();
void displayEdges();
vector<vector<int>> SCC();
};
int main()
{
ifstream in("ctc.in");
ofstream out("ctc.out");
int numberOfNodes, numberOfEdges, from, to;
in >> numberOfNodes >> numberOfEdges;
auto* graph = new Graph(numberOfNodes);
for (int countEdge = 1; countEdge <= numberOfEdges; countEdge++) {
in >> from >> to;
graph->setEdge(from, to);
}
vector<vector<int>> ccs = graph->SCC();
out << ccs.size() << "\n";
for(auto & cc : ccs) {
for(int j : cc) {
out << j << " ";
}
out << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
void Graph::displayEdges() {
for(int node = 1; node <= numberOfNodes; node ++) {
for (auto edge: edges[node])
cout << node << " " << edge << endl;
}
}
Graph::Graph(int numberOfNodes) {
this->numberOfNodes = numberOfNodes;
edges.resize(numberOfNodes + 1);
}
Graph::~Graph() = default;
void Graph::setEdge(int from, int to) {
edges[from].push_back(to);
}
vector<int> Graph::distance(int from) {
queue<int> queue;
vector<int> visited(numberOfNodes + 1, -1);
visited[from] = 0;
queue.push(from);
while (!queue.empty()) {
int node = queue.front();
for (auto edge : edges[node]) {
if (visited[edge] == -1) {
visited[edge] = visited[node] + 1;
queue.push(edge);
}
}
queue.pop();
}
return visited;
}
void Graph::DFS(unordered_map<int, bool> &visited, int start) {
visited[start] = true;
for(int &node : edges[start]) {
if(!visited[node]) {
DFS (visited ,node);
}
}
}
int Graph::numberOfComponents() {
unordered_map<int ,bool> visited;
int nrOfComp = 0;
for(int node = 1; node <= numberOfNodes; node ++) {
if(visited[node] == 0) {
nrOfComp ++;
DFS(visited, node);
}
}
return nrOfComp;
}
vector<vector<int>> Graph::SCC() {
stack<int> stack;
vector<int> ids(numberOfNodes + 1), low_link(numberOfNodes + 1);
vector<vector<int>> scc;
unordered_map<int ,bool> visited, onStack;
int id = 1;
for(int node = 1; node <= numberOfNodes; node++){
if(!visited[node])
tarjan(node, id, ids, low_link, stack, onStack, visited, scc);
}
return scc;
}
void Graph::tarjan(int start, int &id, vector<int> &ids, vector<int> &low_link,
stack<int>& stack, unordered_map<int ,bool> &onStack,
unordered_map<int, bool> &visited,vector<vector<int>> &scc) {
ids[start] = id;
low_link[start] = id;
stack.push(start);
visited[start] = true;
onStack[start] = true;
id++;
for(auto node : edges[start]) {
if(!visited[node]) {
tarjan(node, id, ids, low_link, stack, onStack, visited, scc);
low_link[start] = min(low_link[start], low_link[node]);
} else {
if (onStack[node]) {
low_link[start] = min(low_link[start], low_link[node]);
}
}
}
if(low_link[start] == ids[start]){
vector<int> cc;
int ccNode;
do{
ccNode = stack.top();
cc.push_back(ccNode);
stack.pop();
onStack[ccNode] = false;
}while(ccNode != start);
scc.push_back(cc);
}
}