#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <list>
class Graph {
private:
struct Edge {
int x, y, cost;
Edge(int x, int y, int cost = 0) : x(x), y(y), cost(cost) {}
};
struct Neighbour {
int node, cost;
Neighbour(int x, int cost = 0) : node(x), cost(cost) {}
};
std::vector<std::vector<Neighbour> >la;
std::vector<std::vector<Neighbour> >li;
std::vector<Edge> edges;
const int N_NODES;
const int N_EDGES;
void KosarajuTopSortHelper(std::list<int>& nodes, int n, std::vector<bool>& used);
void KosarajuAddToComponent(int n, std::vector<bool>& used, std::vector<int>& component);
public:
Graph(int N, int M) : N_NODES(N), N_EDGES(M) { la.resize(N + 1); li.resize(N + 1); }
void getInfo();
void addEdge(int from, int to, int cost = 0,bool isDirected = 0);
std::vector<int> BFS(int start); // distance from start vector
int getComponentCount();
std::vector<int> getTopologicalSort();
std::vector<std::vector<int> > Kosaraju();
};
void Graph::addEdge(int from, int to, int cost, bool isDirected) {
la[from].push_back({ to, cost });
li[to].push_back({ from, cost });
edges.push_back({ from, to, cost });
if (!isDirected) {
la[to].push_back({ from, cost });
li[from].push_back({ to, cost });
}
}
std::vector<int> Graph::BFS(int start) {
std::vector<int> dist(N_NODES + 1, -1);
dist[start] = 0;
std::queue<int> q;
q.push(start);
while (!q.empty()) {
int top = q.front();
q.pop();
for (const Neighbour& x : la[top]) {
if (dist[x.node] == -1) {
dist[x.node] = dist[top] + 1;
q.push(x.node);
}
}
}
return std::vector<int>(dist.begin() + 1, dist.end());
}
int Graph::getComponentCount() {
std::stack<int> st;
std::vector<bool> used(N_NODES + 1, false);
int count = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= N_NODES; ++i) {
if (!used[i]) {
count++;
// DFS
st.push(i);
while (!st.empty()) {
int top = st.top();
st.pop();
used[top] = 1;
for (const Neighbour& n : la[top])
if (!used[n.node]) st.push(n.node);
}
}
}
return count;
}
void Graph::getInfo() {
std::cout << "N: " << N_NODES << '\n';
std::cout << "M: " << N_EDGES << '\n';
for (int i = 1; i <= N_NODES; ++i) {
std::cout << i << ": ";
for (const Neighbour& x : la[i]) {
std::cout << "(" << x.node << ", " << x.cost << ") ";
}
std::cout << '\n';
}
std::cout << "Edges: \n";
for (const Edge& m : edges) {
std::cout << m.x << " " << m.y << " " << m.cost << '\n';
}
}
std::vector<int> Graph::getTopologicalSort() {
std::vector<int> in_deg(N_NODES + 1, 0);
std::vector<int> result;
result.reserve(N_NODES);
for (int i = 1; i <= N_NODES; ++i) {
for (const Neighbour& x : la[i]) {
in_deg[x.node]++;
}
}
std::queue<int> q;
for (int i = 1; i <= N_NODES; ++i) {
if (in_deg[i] == 0)q.push(i);
}
while (!q.empty()) {
int n = q.front();
q.pop();
result.push_back(n);
for (const Neighbour& x : la[n]) {
in_deg[x.node]--;
if (in_deg[x.node] == 0) {
q.push(x.node);
}
}
}
return result.size() == N_NODES ? result : std::vector<int>(); // if cycle => empty
}
void Graph::KosarajuTopSortHelper(std::list<int>& nodes, int n, std::vector<bool>& used) {
used[n] = 1;
for (const Neighbour& x : la[n]) {
if (!used[x.node])KosarajuTopSortHelper(nodes, x.node, used);
}
nodes.push_front(n);
}
void Graph::KosarajuAddToComponent(int n, std::vector<bool>& used, std::vector <int>&comp) {
comp.push_back(n);
used[n] = 1;
for (const Neighbour& x : li[n]) {
if (!used[x.node])
KosarajuAddToComponent(x.node, used, comp);
}
}
std::vector<std::vector<int> > Graph::Kosaraju(){
// part 1 (topological sort-ish)
std::list<int> nodes;
std::vector<bool> used(N_NODES + 1, false);
for (int i = 1; i <= N_NODES; ++i) {
if (!used[i])
KosarajuTopSortHelper(nodes, i, used);
}
// part 2
std::fill(used.begin(), used.end(), false);
std::vector<std::vector<int> > result;
for (int n : nodes) {
if (!used[n]) {
std::vector<int> component;
KosarajuAddToComponent(n, used, component);
result.push_back(component);
}
}
return result;
}
void print(const std::vector<int>& x) {
for (int i : x) {
std::cout << i << ' ';
}
std::cout << '\n';
}
int main(){
std::ifstream f("ctc.in");
std::ofstream g("ctc.out");
int N, M;
f >> N >> M;
Graph a(N, M);
for (int i = 0; i < M; ++i) {
int x, y;
f >> x >> y;
a.addEdge(x, y, 0, 1);
}
auto v = a.Kosaraju();
g << v.size() << '\n';
for (auto c : v) {
for (int i : c) {
g << i << ' ';
}
g << '\n';
}
}