#include <cstdio>

using namespace std;

int n, i, j, nr, sol, t, p;

int main() {
	freopen("xerox.in", "r", stdin);
	freopen("xerox.out", "w", stdout);
	
	scanf("%d", &t);
	while (t--) {
		sol = 0;
		scanf("%d%d%d", &n, &nr, &nr);
		for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
			scanf("%d", &nr);
			sol ^= nr;
			for (j = 1; j <= 2 * nr; j++)
				scanf("%d", &p);
		}
		printf("%d\n", sol);
	}
	
	return 0;
}