#include<fstream>
using namespace std;

ifstream f("progresie.in");
ofstream g("progresie.out");

int main()
{
	int t, n, r;
	f >> t;
	while (t)
	{
		f >> n >> r;
		g << (n - 1) * r * ((n - 1) * r + 1) + 1 << '\n';
		--t;
	}

}