//#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#define MAX 1000001

using namespace std;

long long n, r, l;

FILE *IN, *OUT;

int main()
{

    IN=fopen("progresie.in","r");
    OUT=fopen("progresie.out","w");

     fscanf(IN,"%d",&n);

    for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
    {


        fscanf(IN,"%d%d",&l,&r);

        long long L = r*(l-1)+1;

         fprintf(OUT,"%lld\n",1+(L-1)*L);

    }
    return 0;
}