#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
ifstream f("pinex.in");
ofstream g("pinex.out");
bitset<500010> p;
long long A,B,*F,P[80000],Q[100],S;
int t,L;
void ciur(),bkt(long long,int,long long);
int main()
{
    ciur();
    f>>t;
    for(;t;t--)
    {
        f>>A>>B;L=0;S=0;
        bkt(1,1,1);
        g<<S<<'\n';
    }
    return 0;
}
void ciur()
{
    int i,j,k,n=0;
    P[0]=2;
    for(k=1,i=3;k<500;k++,i+=2)
        if(!p[k])
        {
            P[++n]=i;
            for(j=2*k*k+2*k;j<=500000;j+=i)p[j]=1;
        }
    for(k=500,i=1001;k<=500000;k++,i+=2)
        if(!p[k])
            P[++n]=i;
}
void bkt()
{

}