#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define MaxN 100005
#define MOD 666013
#define INF 2140000000
using namespace std;

FILE*IN,*OUT;

int T,N,R;
long long upper(long long val)
{
    long long r=sqrt(val-1)+1;
    return max(r*(r-1)+1,val);
}
long long lower(long long val)
{
    long long r=sqrt(val-1)+1;
    return min(r*r,val);
}
int main()
{
    IN=fopen("progresie.in","r");
    OUT=fopen("progresie.out","w");

    fscanf(IN,"%d",&T);

    for(int t=1;t<=T;t++)
    {
        fscanf(IN,"%d%d",&N,&R);
        for(long long i=1;;i++)
        {
            long long start=i*(i-1)+1,end=i*i;
            bool p=1;
            for(int j=1;j<N;j++)
            {
                long long nstart=start+R,nend=end+R;
                start=upper(nstart);
                end=lower(nend);
                if(end<start)
                {
                    p=0;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if(p)
            {
                fprintf(OUT,"%lld\n",start-1LL*R*(N-1));
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    return 0;
}