#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <queue>

#define LL long long
#define ULL unsigned long long
#define PB push_back

using namespace std;

int T,A,B;

int main(void){

    ifstream in("fructe.in");
    ofstream out("fructe.out");
    
    in >> T;
    
    while (T){
          in >> B >> A;
          if (A%2 == 1) out << 1 << "\n";
             else out << 0 << "\n";
          T--;
    }
        
    in.close();
    out.close();

return 0;
}