#include<fstream.h>
long p,b;
int i,t;
int main()
{
ifstream f("fructe.in");
ofstream g("fructe.out");
f>>t;
for(i=1;i<=t;i++)
  {f>>p>>b;
  if( b%2==0) g<<"0";
   else g<<"1";
  g<<'\n';
  }
f.close();
g.close();
return 0;
}