#include<fstream.h>
unsigned long long int t,p,b,i;
int main(){
ifstream f("fructe.in");
ofstream g("fructe.out");
f>>t;
for(i=1;i<=t;i++)
	{f>>p>>b;
	if((b%2==1)&&(b!=p))
		g<<"1"<<'\n';
	else
		g<<"0"<<'\n';
	}
f.close();
g.close();
return 0;
}