#include<stdio.h>
int main(){int t,i,p,b;freopen("fructe.in", "r",stdin),("fructe.out", "w",stdout);scanf("%d", &t);for(i=1;i<=t;++i){scanf("%d%d", &p,&b); if(b%2==1)printf("1\n"); else printf("0\n");}return 0;}