#include <stdio.h>

int T,P,B;

int main()
{
 freopen("fructe.in","r",stdin);
 freopen("fructe.out","w",stdout);
 scanf("%d",&T);
 while (T)
       {
        --T;
        scanf("%d %d",&P,&B);
        printf("%d\n",B&1);
       }
 fclose(stdin);
 fclose(stdout);
 return 0;
}