#include <cstdio>

using namespace std;

#define FIN "fructe.in"
#define FOUT "fructe.out"

int p, b;
int T;

    int main ()
    {
        freopen (FIN, "r", stdin);
        freopen (FOUT, "w", stdout);
        
        scanf ("%d", &T);
        while (T)
        {
              scanf ("%d %d", &p, &b);
              if (b&1) printf ("1\n"); else printf ("0\n");
              --T;
        }
        
        return 0;
    }