#include<stdio.h>
FILE *f,*g;
unsigned long int p,b;
int t;

int main()
{
f=fopen("fructe.in","r");
g=fopen("fructe.out","w");
fscanf(f,"%d\n",&t);
int i;
for(i=1;i<=t;i++)
{
fscanf(f,"%d %d\n",&p,&b);
if(b%2)
fprintf(g,"1\n");
else
fprintf(g,"0\n");
}
fcloseall();
return 0;
}