#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int t,i,rez;
long a,b;
freopen("fructe.in","r",stdin);
freopen("fructe.out","w",stdout);
scanf("%d",&t);
for(i=1;i<=t;++i)
{
scanf("%ld%ld",&a,&b);
rez=b&1;
printf("%d\n",rez);
}
fcloseall();
return 0;
}