#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
int main ()
{
    int a,b,t;
    std::ifstream fin("fructe.in");
    std::ofstream fout("fructe.out");
    fin>>t;
    for(int i=0;i<t;i++)
    {
        fin>>a>>b;
        if(b%2==0)
        {   fout<<0<<std::endl;
        }
        else
        {   fout<<1<<std::endl;
        }
    }

    fout.close(); 
    return 0;
    
}