#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>

int N, R, T;
long long delay;

bool verifica(long long &v) {
    for (int i=0; i<N; ++i) {
        long long T = v + R * i;
        long long R = sqrt(T);
        long long RR = R*R;
        if (RR+1 <= T && T <= RR+R) {
                        v += RR+R+1 - T;
         return false;

        }
    }
    return true;
}

int main() {
    freopen("progresie.in", "r", stdin);
    freopen("progresie.out", "w", stdout);
    
    scanf("%d", &T);
    while (T--) {
        scanf("%d %d", &N, &R);
        long long i = 1;
        while (true) {
            if (verifica(i)) {
                printf("%lld\n", i);
                break;
            }
//            ++i;
            /*
            p = sqrt(i);
            long long pp = p*p;
            if (i >= pp+1 && i<=pp+p) {
                i = pp+ p + 1;
            }*/
        }
    }
    
    return 0;
}