#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

unsigned long int calculate_first(unsigned long int n, unsigned long int r)
{
    return (((n-1)*r)*(((n-1)*r+1))+1);
}

int main()
{
    FILE *in_file,*out_file;
    unsigned long int t,n,r,s;

    in_file = fopen("progresie.in","r");

    if (in_file==NULL)
    {
        perror("Error: ");
        exit(1);
    }

     out_file = fopen("progresie.out","w");

    if (out_file==NULL)
    {
        perror("Error: ");
        exit(1);
    }

    fscanf(in_file,"%d\n",&t);

    while  (t>0)
    {
        fscanf(in_file,"%d %d\n",&n,&r);
        fprintf(out_file,"%d\n",calculate_first(n,r));
        s=calculate_first(n,r);
        printf("%d\n",calculate_first(n,r));
        t--;
    }

    fclose(out_file);
    fclose(in_file);

    return 0;
}