#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;

int main(){
	long long n,r,rez=0;
	int i,t,j;
	freopen("progresie.in","r",stdin);
	freopen("progresie.out","w",stdout);
	scanf("%d",&t);
	for(i=1;i<=t;++i){
		scanf("%lld %lld",&n, &r);
		rez = ((n-1)*r)*((n-1)*r+1)+1;
		printf("%lld\n", rez);
	}
	return 0;
}