#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

ifstream fin("progresie.in");
ofstream fout("progresie.out");

int n, r, i, t;

void solve();


int main()
{
	fin >> t;
	for (; t > 0; t--)
	{
		fin >> n >> r;
		solve();
	}

	return 0;
}

void solve()
{
	if (r <= 2 * n - 1)
	{
		fout << ((n - 1)*r + 1)*(n - 1)*r + 1 << '\n';
	}
	else
	{
		fout << "work in progress ... :D"; 
	}
}