#include <fstream>


using namespace std;

ifstream cin("progresie.in");
ofstream cout("progresie.out");

int main()
{
    int T,N,R,i=0;
    cin>>T;
    do
    {
        i++;
        cin>>N>>R;
        cout<<((N-1)*R+1)*((N-1)*R)+1<<'\n';
    }while(i<T);
    return 0;
}